How Dupixent targets inflammation to reduce eczema reactions
When I first heard about Dupixent, I was skeptical. How different could it be from other eczema medications? Approved by the FDA in 2017, Dupixent, the brand name for dupilumab, is an injection treatment for moderate to severe eczema, a chronic skin condition (1). Eczema, or atopic dermatitis, results in dry, itchy, and cracked skin. It flares up periodically, especially in response to triggers like allergens, irritants, or stress (2).
Dupixent, a prescription injectable medication to treat atopic dermatitis (eczema).
Dupixent targets two immune system proteins: interleukin-4 (IL-4) and interleukin-13 (IL-13), which both impact eczema development (1). IL-4 initiates an immune response after overreacting to an allergen by signaling the production of antibodies called immunoglobulin E (IgE). IgE binds to receptors on mast cells and basophils (which are both types of white blood cells) in response to allergens and, upon reexposure, triggers the release of chemical mediators that cause the allergic response and eosinophils (a type of white blood cell) to the site of inflammation (3). IL-13, active in later stages, causes inflammation, itching, and damage to the skin barrier after the immune system overreacts.
Dupixent blocks IL-4 and IL-13 from binding to their target cells’ surface receptors, which can be thought of as a lock and key; IL-4 and IL-13 are the keys, and Dupixent blocks the protein receptor (lock), so they can’t bind (1). Other drugs that treat eczema suppress the whole immune system. Conversely, Dupixent is targeted and only disrupts specific signaling pathways that cause inflammation; hence, it doesn’t have as many harmful side effects, such as infections (1).
Successful clinical trials support Dupixent’s efficacy. It reduces the severity of eczema, provides rapid itch relief, enhances quality of life, and decreases the need for topical steroids. Dupixent is poised to transform long-term eczema management and serve as a model for future innovative treatments.
Sources:
- National Eczema Society. (2020, February 10). Dupilumab. National Eczema Society. Retrieved from https://eczema.org/information-and-advice/treatments-for-eczema/dupilumab/#introduction
- National Health Society (2024, September 6). Atopic eczema. NHS Choices. Retrieved from https://www.nhs.uk/conditions/atopic-eczema/
- Children’s Hospital of Philidelphia. (2024). IgE-Mediated Food Allergies. CHoP. Retrieved from https://www.chop.edu/conditions-diseases/ige-mediated-food-allergies.
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